Lab 2. Fluid Dynamics

Introduction

In this lab, we compare the fluid dynamic (water drained from filled bucket through a small hole drilled in the bottom of bucket) experimentally and theoretically (calculation using Bernoulli Equation).

The given formula of Bernoulli Equation is : 

P₁ + ρgh₁ +½ ρv₁² = P₂ + ρgh₂ +½ ρv₂²

Procedure

Fill the bucket with water and measure the height (m)

Measure time that water from hole of bucket fill the beaker volumes of 300 mL.

Experiment Measurements:

1. Diameter of bucket hole :  D = 0.63 cm = 0.0063 ± 0.0001 m

2. Heights of Water in bucket (h) : 12.75 cm = 0.1275 ± 0.0001 m

3. Volume emptied : 300 mL

4. Time to empty (t_actual)

	1st Run	2nd Run	3rd Run	4th Run	5th Run	6th Run
Time to empty (tactual)	12.59	13.13	12.45	12.63	13.39	13.52

Discussion 

1. Calculation

Theoretical time to empty volume (t_theoretical) calculation

2. Analyze

% Error Calculation = (actual-theoretical)/theoretical x 100

	1st Run	2nd Run	3rd Run	4th Run	5th Run	6th Run
% Error	106%	115%	104%	107%	119%	121%

Average of t_actual = 12.95 ± 0.45 sec

Actual Diameter = 0.0043 m 

Using the same % error calculation equation, 

Given Diameter (m)	0.0063 m
Calculated Diameter (m)	0.0043 m
Error	46.5 %

Conclusion
In this experiment, we expected to observe the fluid dynamic model.
However, as our error analysis showed (over 100% error); our data was not reliable to make a conclusion that this experiment is suitable for showing concepts of fluid dynamics. One of possibilities that drawn this huge error is when the bucket hole, it was not an even hole. The inner diameter was seem to smaller than the outer diameter. Since we measure the outer diameter, the theoretical time we calculated was shorter than actual time.